Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a rare-earth element, typically found in minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite, and is used in high-refractive-index glass, hydrogen storage, battery electrodes, and catalysts.
Description: Lanthanum is a rare-earth element discovered in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander. It is the first element in the lanthanide series and is often considered a light rare-earth element. Lanthanum is extracted from minerals like monazite and bastnäsite through complex metallurgical processes. Its primary applications include manufacturing of high-refractive-index glass for camera lenses, hydrogen storage alloys, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in petroleum refining. Lanthanum compounds are also used in carbon lighting, phosphors, and as a dopant in certain optical materials. The element has no biological role but is considered moderately toxic. Major producers include China, the United States, and Australia. Lanthanum is traded as a commodity, often in the form of oxide or metal, and its price is influenced by supply-demand dynamics in the rare-earth market.