Ruthenium is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group metals (PGMs). It is primarily used as a hardener in platinum and palladium alloys, in electrical contacts, and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
Description: Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal of the platinum group, discovered by Russian chemist Karl Ernst Claus in 1844. Ruthenium is extracted as a byproduct of nickel and platinum mining, primarily in South Africa, Russia, and North America. Its main uses include hardening platinum and palladium alloys for jewelry and electrical contacts, as a catalyst in the production of ammonia and acetic acid, and in thick-film resistors. Ruthenium compounds are also used in solar cells and as catalysts for hydrogen production. The metal is traded on commodity exchanges and its price is influenced by industrial demand, mining supply, and geopolitical factors.